a style of refined elegance, reflecting the virtuosity and sophistication of its practitioners, often by means of an exaggeration and distortion of proportion that tests the boundaries of the beautiful and ideal.

complex forms, bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition of contrasting elements often conveying a sense of drama, movement, and tension.

Still Lifes: Paintings dedicated to the representation of common household objects and food.
Landscapes: Landscapes paintings reflect national pride in the country’s reclamation of its land from the sea
Genre Scenes: Paintings that depict events from everyday life are typical of genre scenes
Group Portrait: A large canvas commissioned by a civic institution to document or commemorate its membership at a particular time.

strong, centralized monarchies that exert royal power over their dominions, usually on the grounds of divine right.

Francois Boucher, Bathasar Tiepolo, and Jean-Antione Watteau

European thinkers such as Rousseau and Voltaire thought that China offered a model of exemplary government.

requirements mandating the use of brick and stone over wood were made.

Liberalism means To free

political philosopher and writer best known for “Common Sense” which was the first pamphlet to advocate American independence.

an American patriot who participated in the American Revolution and the Constitutional Convention and who was influential in penning the Bill of Rights.

An African American who has escaped slavery 20 years before dying in the British Massacre

The bloody Massacre, Paul Revere’s ride, Revolutionary Propaganda, Resisting taxation without Representation

a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Paul Revere print of the boston massacre, widely distributed, arousing the colonists to even greater resistance, although its depiction of the troops brutally attacking a defenseless crowd misrepresented the facts.

Middle-class german, believed that capitalism must be eliminated because of its inherent unfairness.
Communist Manifesto
Creator of Marxism

The political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism.

French Classicist famous for his depictions of Napoleon, his armies and military themes.

Founder of French impressionist, concerned with capturing light and natural forms

American abolitionist and author, Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Frederick Douglass wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave.

a slave who was sold four times before she was 30 and who ultimately became an abolitionist, a suffragette, and a preacher who promoted God’s truth and salvation.

American writer, Author of two major classics of American literature: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Italian Composer, led the way in politicizing opera compositions

shot the photograph A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pa, considered by some as “the most famous photograph” to come out of the American Civil War

A Unitarian minister, chief spokesman for Transcendentalism

American essayist, poet, and practical philosopher, Henry David Thoreau was a New England Transcendentalist, Emerson was mentor, dedicated abolitionist

Celebrated American author Herman Melville wrote ‘Moby-Dick’ and several other sea-adventure novels

English Novelist, Depicted lives of English lower class, leading creator of a new type of prose fiction, literary realism, Advocate reform.

Wrote Madame Bovary
Attacked the Romantic sensibilities
Compared his writing to modern scientist, investigating the lives of his characters through careful and systematic observation (realism)

loyalty and devotion to a nation, one nation above all others

love for or devotion to one’s country

The depiction of contemporary life emphasizing fidelity to everyday experience and the facts and conditions of everyday life.

Abolitionist opposition to slavery only gained momentum in the United States when the American Anti-Slavery Society was established in 1833

Frederick Douglass

most influential tract of the abolitionist movement that describes the different fates of three slaves from Kentucky. Tells what it really was like as a slave.

B

Ernest Meissonier

considered a flâneur, someone determined to shock a bourgeois audience.

A

Timothy O’Sullivan

Modernize the city of Paris Improved housing and sanitation
Increased traffic flow
Encouraged growth in the city’s shopping districts

Claude Monet

A

a style of art developed in the last third of the 19th century, characterized chiefly by short brush strokes of bright colors in immediate juxtaposition to represent the effect of light on objects.

a late-19th-century and early-20th-century style of musical composition in which lush harmonies, subtle rhythms, and unusual tonal colors are used to evoke moods and impressions.

Thoreau viewed it as vulnerable to human encroachment, an insight that proved him far ahead of his time.

C

It captures the mood of the workers and their bosses.

An originator of big-band jazz, an American composer, pianist and bandleader who composed thousands of scores over his 50-year career.

Considered one of the most influential artists in jazz history, known for songs “Star Dust,” “La Vie En Rose” & “What a Wonderful World.”

Father of Psychoanalysis, theory that the mind is complex energy-system, refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression, and he proposed a tripartite account of the mind’s structure

Founded analytic psychology, proposed and developed the concepts of the extraverted and the introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.

Ballet and Orchestra concert, the avant-garde nature of the music and choreography caused a sensation and a near-riot in the audience.

depicts the view from the east-facing window of his asylum room at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, just before sunrise, with the addition of an idealized village. Considered Van Gogh’s finrest works.

Important figures of Modernism, Friends, worked together, invented Cubism which is a new style of painting that shattered traditional forms of artistic representation.

French artist, Important figure of Modernism, modernism takes place in the light of day, Picasso’s in the dark of night, known for both his use of color and his fluid and original draughtsmanship.

member of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party, which, led by Lenin, seized control of the government in Russia(October 1917) and became the dominant political power.

Spanish artist and Surrealist icon, sense of self-alienation is central to the work, painted The Persistence of Memory(Melting clocks)

Modernism is a philosophical, cultural, artistic and social movement or school of thought
New form of expression

A modern movement in art and literature that tries to express the subconscious mind, most basis theme- the self in all its complexity.

repudiated static art and sought to render what they thought of as the defining characteristic of modern urban life—speed.

Einstein

Most famous example of cubism painting

Braque

Considered erotic, Variety of reactions to this painting, cubism, addresses Surrealism’s most basis theme- the self in all its complexity, presents himself in it, harlequin design

links the tragedy of Guernica to the ritualized bullfight, portrays a sense of violence and helpless suffering

Stravinsky

Duke Ellington

Sigmund Freud

Salvador Dali

a cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s, African-American Great Migration, rebirth of African-American arts

Introduced the stream-of-consciousness narrative through novel Ulysses

Czech-born British playwright, Themes of human rights, censorship and political freedom pervade his work along with exploration of linguistics and philosophy. Key playwright of the National Theatre

American playwright, language is a barrier to communication, that speech is almost futile, and that we are condemned to isolation and alienation.

Most popular absurdist plays Waiting for Godot, one of the last modernist writers, key figure to Theatre of the Absurd

Existentialism, humans must define their own essence through their existential being, his work Being and Nothingness outlines the nature of this condition

work is the novel Catch-22, a satire on war and bureaucracy, whose title has become a synonym for an absurd or contradictory choice.

Comic-strip paintings, pop art, a conscious parody of Seurat’s pointillism, taught “authentic” gesture of abstract expressionism to college students

an American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement, known for his unique style of drip painting

Realist art, Soup Can, Pop art,

Performer/soul and jazz spoken word poet, influence the development of hip-hop.

A Neo-Expressionist painter, best known for his primitive style and his collaboration with pop artist Andy Warhol.

one of the first American-born conductors to receive worldwide fame. He composed the score for the Broadway musical West Side Story.

Baptist minister and social activist, leader of the modern American Civil Rights Movement mid 1950s-1968

Group of women hanging posters in New York City to draw attention to the problem of sexism and racism within the art world

Death

a theater in which the meaninglessness of existence is the central thematic concern, No exist was a major play, a sense that language is a barrier to communication, that speech is almost futile, and that we are condemned to isolation and alienation

Samuel Beckett

• Waiting for Godot contains stage conventions that were new when the play first appeared; the stage is essentially barren during the entire play.
• The play progresses with no progress, forcing the audience to come to terms with the reality of a non-plot.
• The play contains no development, no conclusion, and no resolution.

Jason Pollock

sought a heightened and, they believed, more authentic style of life, defined by alienation, nonconformity, sexual liberation, drugs, and alcohol.

Represented reality in terms of the media—advertising, television, comic strips—the imagery of mass culture.

New York City, Birmingham, Berkeley

Andy Warhol

Roy Lichtenstein

Gil Scott Heron

Jean-Michel Basquiat

the bombing of a Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama